America has developed vacuum tubes
Currently, scientists are still often attempt of vacuum tubes (vacuumtubes) for micro-changes, but not a lot of success stories, mainly of the types of glass containers in most applications, the valve has been replaced by transistors.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign), apple iBook G4 12 inch battery， apple iBook G4 14 inch battery， apple MacBook 13 inch battery the researchers argue that vacuum tubes can be used as high energy density batteries, or non-volatile memory database, said that, in theory, an array of nanoscale energy density of vacuum tubes to three times a lithium -ion batteries.
Researchers from the University of Illinois with AlfredHubler OnyeamaOsuagwu, published an article entitled: “Digital Quantum batteries: The energy and density of nano-tube array is stored in the document”, but research is still theoretical, but practical test.
This document is based on establishing the existence of emission devices (field emissiondevices) clearly allows the study of current through the structure, the authors claim that the device is field emission from nano-level through appropriate design, be able to electrical breakdown (electricbreakdown) to the quantum phenomenon of compression in the gap distance of 10 nm, under its capacity is very high.
Nano-tube array of structures, the critical distance slightly greater than 10 nm distance to the cathode, anode, cathode rules for vertical alignment, with today’s advanced lithography nodes fairly. The authors pointed out that the vacuum energy density is subject to vacuum breakdown (vacuumbreakdown) is limited, but at atmospheric pressure below 106torr circumstances, the electric fields will not rely on the residual gas (residualgas), but with the electrode surface characteristics.
Document notes that the nano-tube energy / power density than lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors (electrochemicalcapacitors), estimated / kg energy density up to 1 MJ, and volumetric energy density per cubic meter to 3-Gjoules. And this is the number of quantum battery (although it requires a number of 1 billion combined in an array of electronic tubes), there are many other benefits.
First, the tube may be conventional lithographic plate technology and application of metallic materials, silicon substrates for production and can be done using silicon oxide as the insulating wall of the tube, the anode material is recommended for carbon nanotubes cathode materials, you can use tungsten (tungsten) . In addition, the battery can be easily integrated into the substrate IC, a chip that can be used as batteries.
An array of vacuum tube, there are other advantages, including its charge and discharge will exceed all other components; The authors also noted that due to Nanotubes can be stored for several years without loss of electrical power, and therefore can be used as nonvolatile memory components.